Cultivation of sugarcane
Botanical
name :- Saccharum officinarum
Family :-
Poaceae
Chromosome
number :- 2n = 80
Origin :-
India , china.
Taxonomy
Kingdom :-
Plantae
Class :-
Magnoliopsida
Order :-
poales
Family :-
poaceae
Genus :- Saccharum
Species :- officinarum
Botanical description
Main parts
of plant are stalks, leaf, root system and inflorescence.
·
Stalk :- consist of segments joint . each joint is
made up a node and an internode .node is where the leaf attaches to the stalk
and where the buds and root primordia are found.
·
Leaf :- sugarcane is C4 plant . leaf is divided into
two parts sheath and blade . leaves are
attached to the node of the stem on alternate side.
·
Root :- root system is fibrous.
· Inflorescence :- Each tassel consist of several thousand tiny flowers, seed are extremely small and weigh approx. 250 per gram.
Importance
Used for chewing and extraction of juice for
beverage.
Sugarcane juice helps in digestion, protects liver,
maintain oral health etc.
Species of sugarcane
Cultivated :- Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum barberi
– 2n =118
Saccharum sinense
– 2n = 124
Wild :- Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum
robustum
Soil
Sugarcane
can be grown on all type of soil ranging from sandy – loam to clay loam.
Well
drained and deep ploughing .
Optimum
soil ph is 6.5 .
Alluvial ,
black and red soil are most suitable for sugarcane cultivation .
Climate
Sun loving
plant and 10-14 hours day length require.
Long
duration crop.
Optimum
temperature for sugarcane cultivation is 26 to 30 degree centigrade.
Grown at
1000m or more above sea level.
Varieties
Jitpur-1,2,3,4
Co 0118 ,
Co 0237 , Co 0239
Field preparation
Sugarcane
needs deep tillage.
Deep
ploughing specially in heavy soils helps into the soils.
Shallow
ploughing with local plough limits the development of root system in lodging of
cane plants.
Time of sowing
Autumn
planting :- oct
Spring
planting :- Jan – Feb
Method of planting
Flat
planting
Furrow
planting
Trench
planting
Seed treatment
Bavistin
0.05%
Urea 2.5%
Kcl 2.5%
Seed rate
35-45 q per
acre.
Spacing
Approx. 1.8
to 2 m row spacing .
Nutrient management
NPK =
120-150 : 80 : 60 kg per hectare.
FYM = 15
ton per hectare .
Compost =
25 ton per hectare .
Irrigation
Total water
requirement is 1200mm – 2500mm.
Tillering
phase require 550mm water .
Method of irrigation :- Furrow irrigation
Drip irrigation
Sprinkle irrigation
Weed management
Mulching,
intercropping, crop rotation.
Atrazin@2kg
per hectare 500ltr water after 2 day of planting.
2,4-D @ 1
kg per hectare after 60 days of planting.
Disease management
Grow
resistance variety.
Setts
treated by 0.2% solution of Bavistin.
Crop
rotation.
Spray mancozeb.
Harvesting
It is done
both by hand and mechanically. Depending upon the variety and sowing time it
takes about 12-18 month to mature.
December to
march is the suitable time for harvesting.
Yield :-sugarcane= 100ton|h
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