SAFFLOWER
Botanical Name:
Carthamus tinctorius Family:- Compositae Chromosome no.:- 2n=24 Origin:- India, Afaganistan
TAXONOMY Kingdom:- Plantae Class:- Dicotylendon Order:- Asterales Family:- Compositae Genus:-
Carthamus Species:-
tinctorius
FLORAL MORPHOLOGY Inflorescence is called as capitulum\head. It consist of 20-100 florets collected closely together an a circular receptacle.
Stigma is well covered with own pollen ensuring self pollination. IMPORTANCE It is a dry oil.
It contain 24-35% oil.
It is used in manufacturing of soaps and varnishes. .
It is used to feed the birds.
Protein contain 14-19%. CLIMATE It is day neutral plant.
It is mainly rabi crop.
Temperature requirement for seed germination 15-16 degree centigrade.
Temperature requirement for flowering 24-32 degree centigrade.
Rainfall requirement:- 500-600mm. SOIL Safflower grows best as deep fertile well-drained loam soils with good water holding capacity.
Soil ph:- 7
It requires fairly deep, moisture retentive and well-drained soil. VARIETIES Hybrid varieties:
NARI-NH-1
NARI-H-15
MRSH521
DSH129
OTHERS: kusum, bhima, prabhani etc.
FIELD PREPARATION Require deep plough to break the hard pen and loosen the sub soil.
Require clod free seed bed and adequate moisture for seed germination.
TIME OF SOWING
Irrigated: 20oct to 30Nov.
Rainfed: 15oct to 15Nov.
SEED RATE
Rainfed: 18kg per hectare.
Irrigated: 20kg per hectare.
SPACING: 45 * 20 cm.
METHOD OF SOWING
Sow the seeds in line at a depth of 2 to 3cm and cover with soil.
Sow using country plough.
Drilling method.
SEED TREATMENT The seeds must be treated with captan or agrosonGN@3gm/kg of seed before sowing.
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT NPK-60:30:20 kg/ ha.
FYM- 5 to 10 tons/ha.
IRRIGATION This crop can be grown even in areas where irrigation is not required if soil is moist as seasonal varies. Water is necessary during the flowering stage so, once irrigation is required in 30 days for better yield. For area where soil is less moist apply once heavy pre-sowing irrigation, it will be beneficial for better growth.
WEED MANAGEMENT Triflurin@200gm/acre.
Pre-emergence use of Atrazine@800gm/acre.
EPTC@200gm/acre.
Alachor@600gm/acre is used for efficient weed regulation in safflower
DISEASE MANAGEMENT Spray mancozeb immediately after the disease in noticed and repeat the spray 15 days later depending on the intensity of the disease.
Spray wettable sulfur 3g/ltr or carbendazim 0.05% for the control of the disease.
Hexaconazole 1ml/ltr.
CROPPING SYSTEM Intercropping: wheat+ safflower
Chickpea + safflower
HARVESTING The crop mature 110 to 120 days.
The leaves and most of the bracteales except a few of lost formed become brown and seeds are dried and easily separated from the head.
Yield scant moisture condition: 800-1200kg/ha.
Fav. Moisture condition: 1500-2000kg/ha.
Minimal irrigation: 2000-2800kg/ha.
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