INTRODUCTION
Cultivation of peas
Botanical
name :- Pisum sativum
Family :- leguminaceae
Chromosome
number :- 2n = 14
Origin :- southeast
Asia.
Taxonomy
Kingdom :-
Plantae
Class :-
Magnoliopsida
Order :-
fabales
Family :-
leguminosae
Genus :- Pisum
Species:- sativum
Botany
Peas is an
annual herbaceous plant and leguminous crop.
Root:-
plant have a taproot system with nodules an the surface.
Stem:-stems
are hallow slender ridge.
Leaves:- at
the base of the petiole, large pair of stipules or bracts is found.
Flower:-
flowering usually begins 40-50 days after planting.
The flowers
are arranged in the form of an axillary raceme.
The flowers
may be reddish purple or white.
Importance
Peas are starchy but high in fiber, protein, vitamins,
minerals and lutein.
Peas contain carbohydrates 14g(81cal).
Peas is grown as vegetable crop for both fresh and
dried seed.
Groups
The cultivars in peas are grouped on the basis of
various characters.
·
According to seed
Round or smooth seeded cultivars.
Wrinkled seeded cultivars.
·
According to height of plant
Bush type.
Medium tall types.
Tall types.
·
According to maturity period
Early 65-80 days.
Medium 90-110 days.
Main season 110=120 days.
·
According to use of pods
Fresh market types.
Freezing types.
Canning types.
Dehydration types.
Varieties
T-163, VL-1, RACHNA, JM4, PU, H, HEP-4, SAPANA,
RPG-3.
Soil
Well drain and deep ploughing .
Optimum soil ph is 6 to
7.5 .
Alluvial , black and red soil are most suitable for sugarcane cultivation
.
Climate
Thrives well in cool weather.
Withstands low temperature at the seedling stage.
Grow best at a temperature of 10-18 degree Celcius.
Optimum temperature for seed germination 22 degree Celcius.
Field preparation
Through preparation of the land is necessary for pea crop for better
growth.
This fixes large quantity at atmospheric nitrogen to soil.
This is achieved by soil turning plough followed by one or two harrowing.
Time of sowing
Central plains:- October- November
Northern hills:- June-July
Method of sowing
Drilling and broadcasting method.
By dibbling.
Seed treatment
Treated the seed with Trichoderma 4gm or thiram or captan at 2gram per kg
of seed.
To avoid seed borne disease.
Apply 2kg phosphor bacterium as soil application before sowing.
Seed rate
Early crop:- 100-120kg per hectare.
Late crop:- 80-90kg per hectare.
Spacing
Early variety:- 30*15cm
Late variety:- 45*10cm
NPK = 60:80:70 kg per hectare.
FYM = 20 t per hectare .
Irrigation
Do not irrigate the crop immediately after sowing.
Life saving irrigation is given on 3rd day after sowing.
Irrigation is done once in a week.
Critical stages for irrigation are flowering fruit and grains filling
stages.
Method of irrigation :- Furrow
irrigation.
Sprinkle irrigation.
Weed management
Two manual weeding.
One at 25-30 days after sowing.
Another 45-50 days after sowing.
Intercropping, crop rotation.
Atrazin@2kg per hectare 500ltr water after 2 day of planting.
2,4-D @ 1 kg per hectare after 60 days of planting.
A weed free period of early 45-60 days is important.
Disease management
Grow resistance variety like Pl406,4,639 etc.
Setts treated by 0.2% solution of Bavistin.
Crop rotation.
Spray mancozeb.
Remove and destroy diseased plants as soon as symptoms appear.
Harvesting
Peas must be harvested at proper stage of pod maturity.
Early varieties in 50 days after sowing.
Mid and late varieties in 60-75 days after sowing.
Maturity of pea tested with tenderometer.
Yield
Early varieties:- 2.5 -4 t per hectare
Mid varieties:- 6-7.5 t per hectare
Late varieties:- 8-10 t per hectare
Storage
Pod freezes at 10 degree centigrade.
Shelling % ranged from 35-5-%
Fresh unshelled peas are kept at 0 degree centigrade and 90-95% ph
for 2 weeks.